kVp

Peak kilovoltage across the X-ray tube. Sets the energy of the X-ray photons and, along with mA·s, the image exposure. Higher kVp = higher-energy photons, greater penetration, lower contrast.

Why it matters to buyers: Determines dose and image contrast. Higher kVp protocols reduce patient dose on thicker anatomy but also reduce contrast.

Why it matters to engineers: Generator output limits, tube rating, and dose calculations all reference kVp. Drift from commanded kVp is a generator calibration issue.